Welcoming Families From Around the World

Blog: Welcoming Families From Around the World
Think for a moment about the following two statistics:

• About 195 different countries exist in the world today.
• According to the U.S. census bureau, the United States’ population includes individuals and families from 150 different countries.

It is certain that as an early childhood professional you will encounter children from diverse backgrounds whose families may have come from many different countries. In what ways can you prepare yourself for working in early childhood settings which represent such diversity?
For this assignment, imagine the following scenario:
You are working in an early childhood setting of your choice—a hospital, a child care center, a social service agency. You receive word that the child of a family who has recently emigrated from a country you know nothing about will join your group soon. You want to prepare yourself to welcome the child and her family. Luckily, you are enrolled in a course about diversity and have learned that in order to support families who have immigrated you need to know more than surface facts about their country of origin.
In order to complete this assignment, first choose a country you know nothing about as this family’s country of origin.
By Saturday of this week, post the following:

https://www.google.com/search?site=&source=hp&q=Images+of+Mexican+families&oq=Images+of+Mexican+families&gs

• The name of “your” family’s country of origin: Mexico
• In an article entitled, "Welcoming Hispanic Children and Families to Preschool Programs" by
  Cristina López-Sánchez, states:
• "The learning environment must be supportive of children’s native languages and cultures through the materials, resources, music, visuals, school personnel, and the daily instruction provided. Only in that sort of environment will parents believe that what they say is truly valued and that people really want to hear their perspective. This Ask an Expert discussion is related to ways educators can interact effectively with children and parents of Hispanic background. Questions answered include “How can I help a child whose English is hesitant to have a better social experience in my classroom?” “Should a teacher encourage a child to translate for his parents?” “How can I encourage Hispanic parents to express their observations and opinions, even if they disagree with mine?” “What topics shall we address in our parent education program specifically to help parents with the many demands of education in the United States"(López-Sánchez, January 2006). Many early childhood professionals can help children and their families from Mexico feel very welcome by being interested in them and their culture. Do not attempt to make them forget about their culture, but incorporate some of their culture into the classroom. Talk to the parents even if you do have an interpreter about what they want for their child and incorporate it in the classroom setting.

At least five ways in which you will prepare yourself to be culturally responsive towards this family

An article entitled, "Teaching and Parenting Young English Language Learners Welcoming Immigrant Families to the Preschool Classroom" states,

       1. "In a large study of immigrant families with young children (Children Crossing Borders project), the researchers interviewed 100 immigrant parents (Adair & Barraza, 2015). As a result of these interviews, the researchers learned what parents of immigrant children would like their child’s teacher to do to welcome them and their child to preschool. Just as all parents want their child to feel welcome at school, the immigrant parents indicated they would like their child’s teachers to express warmth, patience, affection, and kindness toward their child"(Laumann, July 2015). Do not leave it to just administration to welcome the child from Mexico, the child's teacher should meet with the parent and if possible have home visits with the child. This is where the bonding begins.
2."When immigrant families first arrive in a U.S. preschool setting, the classroom teacher should be aware that the family may wish more detailed information (preferably written in their heritage language) about U.S. preschool practices. Including a translator and/or cultural liaison in initial meetings is most helpful during the family’s first visit to the preschool classroom and at family events sponsored by the preschool"(Laumann, July 2015). Many times the families of Mexican children may not know the English well, so it would help if letters to the parents or guardians would be in their native language in order for them to understand school policies, regulations, and what is expected from the child's classroom. If the parents cannot read that well it would be good to have an interpreter as well. It alsoe would be important that teachers learn Spanish as well.






3. To learn about immigrant parents’ expectations, Adair and Barraza suggest that teachers ask parents, “Is what you see in the classroom similar or different from what you remember from your home country?” (p. 11). Teachers also should ask parents for helpful ideas about getting to know their child and their child’s interests. Engaging in conversations with immigrant families not only demonstrates the teacher’s respect for the parents but also provides an opportunity to better understand the family’s expectations for their child’s preschool experience. When teachers know the parent’s expectations they can better explain how typical classroom routines and activities address children’s learning and development. Asking parents about their expectations for their child may initiate further conversations about what parents hope their child will learn at preschool and what kinds of learning experiences the preschool setting may provide for their child"("(Laumann, July 2015).
It is extremely important that the teacher would ask the parents or guardians of the child questions about the child. This will help the teacher be better suited to address the child needs and what type of curriculum that needs to be adhere to help the child in the best way possible. It also makes the parents feel like they are having a part in their child's curriculum, safety, and health.

4. Preschool teachers of children from immigrant families will want to be especially patient as the children learn a new language and become used to a new culture. Teachers can take time to listen to the child to learn more about the child’s life outside of school (e.g., family outings, neighborhood events, a friend’s birthday party). Using photographs and drawings may help children describe their experiences outside of preschool and build connections between parents and the preschool teacher. (For examples, see Strickland, Keat, & Marinak, 2010.) Immigrant parents interviewed in the Children Crossing Borders project worried that their child’s preschool teacher would move too quickly as their child tried to understand new concepts. They hoped that teachers would “take their time when reviewing concepts, books, materials, and instructions with their children.” (p. 11). Taking the time to slow down and carefully listen to children demonstrates respect for their thoughts, ideas, and their heritage language. Families of immigrant children want to feel reassured that their child’s teacher will be understanding when their child tries to communicate with her"("(Laumann, July 2015).
Making an adjustment from one culture to another can be a cultural shock to immigrant children and their families. Slowing down and respecting their language, traditions, events, outings, and other cultural related activities will make the families of immigrant children feel comfortable and help them bridge the gap from their native culture to the United States of American culture. This will help them be more cognitive as they keep their own culture and learn the United States of American culture.

5. Preschool teachers build meaningful relationships with immigrant parents when they sincerely ask parents about their expectations for their child. During formal and informal interactions with immigrant parents, teachers demonstrate how much they value parents’ knowledge concerning their child. Welcoming and partnering with immigrant families during their child’s preschool years establishes a positive home and school relationship for families that hopefully will be sustained throughout their child’s school years"("(Laumann, July 2015).Welcoming and partnering with the immigrant child's parents family during preschool years is definitely a start of a firm relationship with the child and their families all throughout their school years. This can help prevent high dropout rates for children from Mexico. This can help children to benefit their families and culture. Children and their families may decide to become citizens and productive citizens of the United States of America because of early childhood professionals providing a great welcome to them and by getting to know the child and their families culture. By incorporating the child's culture in the classroom and getting back ground information from parents on the child is the greatest welcome of all.

•  
• A brief statement describing in what ways you hope that these preparations will benefit both you and the family. It will benefit me and the family by being knowledgeable about the child and family. It will help me by knowing what to put in my curriculum for the child. It also will help the parents by making them feel that I am trying to understand them and their child. It will mean to me as an early childhood professional make me feel like I definitely know the meaning of welcoming Mexican families and their families. Welcoming the Mexican family means to me means understanding, empathizing, loving, caring, implementing, and learning about their culture, and implementing their culture with my culture.

References
Laumann M. Bernadette, "Teaching and Parenting Young English Language Learners Welcoming Immigrant Families to the Preschool Classroom." January 2015. Retrieved on June 24, 2017 from http://illinoisearlylearning.org/blogs/ell/bl-welcoming.htm
López-Sánchez, Cristina, "Ask an Expert: Welcoming Hispanic Children and Families to Preschool Programs ." January 2006. Retrieved on June 24, 2017 from http://www.illinoisearlylearning.org/askanexpert/hispanic-ps/index.htm .


Below are some activities for Mexican children from different websites:

25+ best ideas about Mexican crafts kids on Pinterest | Mexican crafts ...

https://www.pinterest.com/explore/mexican-crafts-kids/

1. Cached
2. Similar

Find and save ideas about Mexican crafts kids on Pinterest. | See more about Mexican crafts, Mexico crafts and Cinco de mayo activities.

Cinco de Mayo Preschool Theme - Preschool Plan It

www.preschool-plan-it.com/cinco-de-mayo.html

1. Cached
2. Similar

A Preschool Cinco de Mayo Theme that includes preschool lesson plans, activities ... I have incorrectly stated in the past that it is Mexican Independence Day.

Mexico - Countries - FREE Lesson Plans & Games for Kids

countries.mrdonn.org/mexico.html

1. Cached
2. Similar

Mexico History – Pre- Columbian to Early Republic · Mexico – Sports ... Contemporary Mexico (HS, 5-day lesson plans) · Come On I'll ... Aztecs - Thinkquest sites ...

[PDF]1 A Multicultural Unit: “Let's Go to Mexico” A Multicultural Unit: “Let's ...

www2.ku.edu/~topeka/THEMATIC_UNITS/Mexico_culture.pdf

1. Cached
2. Similar

Lesson 6: Enjoying Chocolate, a Mexican Beverage and Song. Lesson ..... Metacognitive Strategies: Students center their learning, arrange and plan their learning, and ...... Unfortunately the pictures did not transfer from the website. ..... Tip#2 Kindergarten - 3rd graders generally cannot mold the sugar skulls without lots of.

Off We Go to Mexico ~ Unit Study & Lesson Plans

www.homeschoolcreations.net/off-we-go-to-mexico-unit-study-lesson/

1. Cached

Sep 15, 2010 - Introduce new song about Mexico from Geography Songs; Use atlas and ... Geographic Kids Mexico site; Independent reading from bookshelf.

Cinco de Mayo and General Mexican Crafts - DLTK's Crafts for Kids

www.dltk-kids.com/world/mexico/

1. Cached
2. Similar

The Personal Side of Bias, Predjudice, and Oppression

• What memory do you have of an incident when you experienced bias, prejudice, and/or oppression, witnessed someone else as the target of bias, prejudice, and/or oppression? Keep in mind that one can encounter such incidents in real contexts, including online environments, as well as in fictional ones, such as movies, books, television shows, and the like.

 The memory that I will talk about is black women and beauty. I will use television and media as examples it seemed like to me in the 1980's and 1990's the only black women perceived to be beautiful was women that was half black and half white or just 

biracial. For instance in shows like the Cosby show, you were automatically deemed beautiful  if you were biracial. It seemed like in that era of the 1980's and 1990's the only black  women portrayed in television and movies in romantic roles and deemed beautiful were biracial and light skinned black women. If you were a woman and too black you were portrayed in other roles. It was to say if you wanted to be called beautiful and you were too black you better step back.

           Psychology today had published article on black women'sattractivenes, but brought on an  outcry and rightly so. This is what someone said, "Wow. So Psychology Today published an article yesterday titled “Why Are Black Women Less Physically Attractive Than Other Women?” Wow. It disappeared from the website after massive, overwhelming outcry about it being obvious racist pseudo-science bullshit. The fact the article ever went up at all is appalling, though, and unfortunately must be called out. (The article’s been reposted here if you feel the need to read it, which I do not recommend.)

The author, Satoshi Kanazawa, is known for racist junk science. He works in the field of evolutionary psychology, which sadly is full of folks passing of their deduction as objective fact to prove their racist and sexist views. He’s obsessed with attractiveness and linking race and intelligence in work that’s been repeatedly debunked. He’s also said he wished Ann Coulter was president on 9/11 so we could have nuked the entire Middle East. Yeah, wonderful guy...No, the real reason black women are less attractive is probably because they have more testosterone than other women. And testosterone, while it looks fine in men (yay gender essentialism!) makes women fugly. “Objectively.” I think what he’s trying to say is butch women are gross. I think Kanazawa is gross.

This piece is so undeniably racist there’s just no way Psychology Today put it up for any other reason than to generate traffic. which is despicable. And in fact they’ve published plenty of bullshit by Kanazawa in the past, plenty more junk science and pointless racist ramblings. Maybe the fact this article was taken down means they’re finally done with him – a girl can dream. Here’s where you can contact Psychology Today. Because maybe if enough of us tell them we’re over this crap this really will be Kanazawa’s last article"(Truitt, 2011). I think the myth that black women are ugly is one of the greatest misconceptions of the black race. Black people themselves  have been brainwashed that the lighter skinned you are and the straighter your hair is the more beautiful you are.

• In what way(s) did the specific bias, prejudice and/or oppression in that incident diminish equity? It diminishes it by saying that no matter how beautiful a black woman is she still not as beautiful as other races. This means to her she is inferior to other races of women. So  in order for black women to be presentable for husbands, job opportunities, and deny what they feel about their natural beauty we have to straighten our hair, wear hair extensions, sometimes black women dye their hair blonde, some even wear blue or green contacts. I am glad some black women are proud of their beauty and have not sold out to the mentality that the only way to be beautiful is to look Caucasian.
• What feelings did this incident bring up for you? This means in some cases we do not have equal opportunity for jobs, businesses, and husbands.These incidents means that as an Afro American Female we may have to carry the pride of our race alone, but I say march on black women.
• What and/or who would have to change in order to turn this incident into an opportunity for greater equity? I think it starts from teachers, parents, society, and black people themselves by believing that no race is superior to another race and we all should be proud of who we are.

Reference

Truitt, Jos Retrieved from http://feministing.com/2011/05/16/racist-psychology-today-article-claims-black-women-are-objectively-less-attractive-than-other-women/

Blog Assignment: Perspectives on Diversity and Culture

Call, write to, or talk to at least three friends, family members, acquaintances, and/or colleagues. Include at least one person who you believe is in some ways culturally different from you (a different gender, race, class, religion, abilities, age, etc.).

Ask each person to share:

• African American female-Their definition of culture- Different races
• African Male- culture-different race, beliefs,  music, dress 
• African American female definition of diversity-Different kinds of people, race
• African male Diversity-Different culture, ideas
• Family member African American Female Culture- different races, nationality, types of food you eat, heritage
• Family member African American female-Diversity-Different background of races, culture, and ethnicity
• 
  

Then reflect on the answers you received and ask yourself:

• Which aspects of culture and diversity that I have studied in this course are included in the answers I received—and what are some examples? All of the answers basically that I have received are what I basically have studied except heritage
• 
  
• Which aspects have been omitted—and what are some examples of such omission?Some aspects that have been omitted are  gender, gestures, party affiliation, everything about a person is culture. Diversity-sexual orientation, ableism, race,different cultures,  
• In what ways has thinking about other people’s definitions of culture and diversity influenced my own thinking about these topics? I think that mainly I did not know so many people thought as I did, but my definition of culture and diversity is more complex and longer than theirs. I did not think as heritage as a definition of culture until my sister said it.

Blog: Practicing Awareness of Microaggressions

• Describe at least one example of a microaggression which you detected this week or remember from another timeIn what context did the microaggression happen? What did you think and feel when you observed the microaggression or when you found yourself as the target of a microaggression? .According to Dictionary.com, microagression is "noun
  1.

  a subtle but offensive comment or action directed at a minority or other nondominant group that is often unintentional or unconsciously reinforces a stereotype: microaggressions such as "I don't see you as black.".
  2.

  the act of discriminating against a nondominant group by means of such comments or actions:(Dictionay.com). 
• I feel like that even though a woman can do a job as a man,  sometimes in clergy people are prejudice against women in ministry. We are suppose to have a woman pastor at our church in July, however, a person said "a woman." I just wonder why not. Even though I am a woman minister I kind of looked down on her because she was a woman. Society has brain washed us to believe that a man can do it better. I know I do not want anyone to look down on me because I am a woman when I become a pastor, but I instinctively I did  as some men perhaps thought toward this female pastor. I was disappointed because she was a woman, but you know what I am getting rid of this bias and say this woman needs to be judged on ability not gender. I am not going to be brainwashed by society on women.I know this means that I will be a target of discrimination because I am a woman when I become a pastor. I know this means I have to pray more, prove myself worthy of my calling more than a man.I know I will have to research women in ministry, so people will believe that I am called by God. One day I am going to write a book on women ministers and clergy.  I know if I was a man I would not write a book about women ministers and clergy, but since I am a woman I will write a book on women ministers and clergy, so I can help others to believe in women clergy and women ministers.I know if I was the target of this discrimination when I become a pastor, I would be highly upset. I also would be resentful against society in general.Society is not going to brainwash me against women pastors anymore because that means I am against myself.
• 
  
• 
  
• In what ways did your observation experiences this week affect your perception of the effects of discrimination, prejudice, and/or stereotypes on people
• My observation makes me feel that microaggression can cause racism, predjudice, discrimination, resentment, and belittlement just because what someone has brainwashed me to believe. It makes me think that the whole human race is perhaps dysfunctional because of microaggressions.This may also be the reason why there is such a failure rate of children in school and dwindling membership in church.Sometimes I have to try to make sure I treat all children equal in the classroom because my perception of a certain ethnicity, gender, and culture can make me bias in the treatment of others.I do not want any child to fail because of any biases toward them.

Reference

Microagressions, Retrieved from Dictionary.com on June 03, 2017.

• 
  

My Family Culture

:

·         

Blog: My Family Culture

Imagine the following:

A major catastrophe has almost completely devastated the infrastructure of your country. The emergency government has decided that the surviving citizens will be best served if they are evacuated to other countries willing to take refugees. You and your immediate family are among the survivors of this catastrophic event. However, you have absolutely no input into the final destination or in any other evacuation details. You are told that your host country’s culture is completely different from your own, and that you might have to stay there permanently. You are further told that, in addition to one change of of clothes, you can only take 3 small items with you. You decide to take three items that you hold dear and that represent your family culture.

• A description of the three items you would choose, 1. A small bible, 2. Reading glasses, 3. A cell phone

·         How you would explain to others what each of these items means to you. The bible because it is the source of the description of the faith and religion that I profess. A pair of glasses, so I can read and study my small bible. A cell phone, so I can see if I can contact other refugees and family members. 

o   One personal item and have to give up the other two items you brought with you. The only small item that I would keep would be my  small bible and hope that somebody will give me a pair of glasses because unless God heals my eyes, I would need the glasses to read the bible.If someone would not give me a pair of glasses, I would use this situation to seek the gift of healing, so I can use this as something to help myself and others. The gift  of healing would be a testimony of my faith that Jesus the Christ is God and is real.  I also can give my family hope by carrying and reading the bible. I possibly could use my bible to advance Christianity in another culture. My family's goal one day will be to seek the advancement of Christianity, so a bible is a staple of that advancement.

·         Any insights you gained about yourself, your family culture, diversity, and/or cultural differences in general, as a result of this exercise. My insights are: I know that I am a Christian and my faith maybe challenged in another country.My education also may be challenged because of my gender in another culture or country. I know that my family culture has been based on going to church and/or depending on God. My grandfather was a faithful deacon. My maternal grandmother took her bible with her when she stopped working for pay everywhere she went. I believe she was buried with her bible. My mother use to read her bible just about everyday, she also prayed and asked ministers for prayers as well by writing to them. I have a Master of Divinity degree from Gardner-Webb University. I also am getting ready to start a research ministry called the Trumpet Sound Bible Club which is a research outreach ministry hopefully one day it will become an outlet of Duke University school of Divinity. The reason why I chose glasses is not because necessarily it is a part of my family culture, but I need them to read and so I can finished my degrees, the glasses can symbolize academic success in my family because my mother was the valedictorian of her high school glass. My grandchildren have made the honor rolls in their elementary schools. My middle granddaughter has made straight A.s she and my grandson has made the honor roll.I know that when I was in high school I was an avid reader. I did not study or do my homework that much until I was a senior in high school. However, I loved reading books, Taylor Caldwell was my favorite author.I vow one day that I am going to be an author. My other granddaughter has made straight B's. The cell phone symbolizes that my family now in this generation does not always use  cards to get in contact with each other, we  mainly call or text one another if we do not visit each other. Now getting back to the bible, I know that if I had to live in another country with a different culture, I may have to sneak the bible into their country because I may be killed for possessing a Christian bible. However, if I was where I suppose to be in God, I would die for Jesus the Christ.  As for the glasses symbolizing reading and education, some cultures may not approve of women reading or getting an education.  Consequently, carrying the glasses can be dangerous. Cell phone use which is taking for granted in the United States can be dangerous as well because there maybe someone listening in on your conversations. I think this happens sometimes in America, but in some countries listening on people's conversations is wide spread.If I had to live in another country with a different culture from what I am accustomed to I may have to die for what I believe in, advance to and help others with what I already know, also can do, and be a revolutionary for what I am accustomed to. I know that I cannot do this in a foolish manner, I would ask God for guidance before advancing my culture into a country with a different culture. My insights based on the above is that I believe in the advancement of Christ and want my families' goals to be the same. I believe in getting an education, and want my family to advance their education.  Finally, families should stay in contact with each other and help others. 

c 

o 

My Supports

·         My Supports."

·         Describe factors within your daily environment that are supportive to you, including the ways in which these factors provide support. My supports for my daily environment are God, my spouse, physical factors and weather based factors and  also financial support. God provides me support because he is always there for me when humans fail me. God will never fail me. My spouse provides me companionship and support because he is there for me and provides support for the things I endeavor to do. My physical supports are food, water, and shelter. I have to have food and water in the right proportions with appropriate nutritious value to make sure that I have the strength to function and be motivated. Shelter provides me with support because it provides me  protection from the elements and privacy. If it was not for the weather whether cold or hot l would not have the opportunity to see what I can do in each type.My financial supports are from the money I receive and one of the financial supports is from my job as an Early Headstart Teacher.

·         Describe what you see as the benefits of these supports. .God provides me with the opportunity to obtain freedom spiritually, physically, emotionally, and mentally, As long as l let him renew me and guide me, I have the potential to be all that I can be. My husband is my support because he provides me support with many of the things that I endeavor to do. My spouse gives me the will to climb higher in my career.  He will be there for me in the decisions I make more than anyone I know. The benefits of my physical support is that food and water gives me the strength to help me all that I can be.. Sometimes I like to splurge on food to just to celebrate something or just to eat to give me a lift from something depressing. The benefits of shelter for me and my spouse  are safety and security. The benefits of the financial support is that it helps me pay my bills, pay for things that I need and want. When I get enough it  help others and finances my dreams. How difficult would it be to exist without these supports? It would be very difficult. I may cease to exist. What impact would they have on your life if they were gone? I would be depressed, suicidal, may have to re-strategize to get these supports or I may cease to exist.

·         Share the challenge you chose to imagine and the thoughts you have with regard to supports you would want and need. I am a victim of racism and sexism. My challenge is to eradicate inequality between the  races and sexes. I believe God created all humankind and all should have opportunity to pursue anything they want based on God's will and their ability. My thoughts to the supports that I want and need. I know with the challenges of racism and sexism, I can overcome the challenges of race and sex discrimination with the right support. Again, describe factors within your daily environment that would be supportive to you, including the ways in which these factors would provide support. God because he will be my guide spiritually, physically, and with decision making. True Christians because they know that God created us and loves us all. Same minded people because they know God created all people equal and will work to eradicate the injustice of racism and sexism. Describe what you see as the potential benefits of these supports.  The potential benefit of God is he can  make ways out of no ways despite injustices. Injustices will fall one day and in if you are in the kingdom of God's justice will reign forever. The potential benefits of true Christians is that they will understand that none should suffer injustice despite the circumstances. Finally, the potential benefits of same minded people are that they can empathize the injustice and understand the emotional, mental, and physical distress of injustice. In addition, they will unify my efforts to help break the bondage of race and sex discrimination. How difficult would it be to exist without these supports? Since I am an African American and a woman, I would have low self esteem and many opportunities for decent work opportunities would cease to exist. In addition, I would definitely would not have any opportunities for clergy in the church.The impact they would have on your life if they weren't there. I would be misguided, would give up, and may run away.

My Connections to Play

• My Connections to Play."
• 
  
• Select two quotes that you feel summarize what play represented for you in childhood.
• “Play keeps us vital and alive. It gives us an enthusiasm for life that is irreplaceable. Without it, life just doesn’t taste good” -Lucia Capocchione
• “Play is the exultation of the possible.” -Martin Buber
• 
  
• 
  
• Include two to three pictures of essential play items for your younger self.
• 
•  
• Describe how people supported play when you were younger and/or the role of play in your childhood.

• My mother would let us go out to play quite a bit in warm weather. We were allowed to do about anything except when we got older we were more restricted. As far as play in school we had recess or PE every year  all the way until I was in the ninth grade.However, when I got in the ninth grade it was more structured. When I got in the tenth grade I was not required to take any more Physical education, and I did not because I was not good at any structured PE. I was always was the last one chosen for a team when they wanted to choose who was to be on someone's team. In addition, I just wanted to go to school and finished it because I thought it was what I suppose to do even though one time I threatened my mother that I was going to drop out.

• Write a brief entry on how you feel play today is similar or different from the play in which you engaged as a child and what your hope for young is now with regard to play. I think play when it is in children's yards is about the same as when I was a child just some of the toys are more advanced. However, some of my grandchildren love playing video games and games on the phone. I did not play games on the phone and play video games when I was a child. I think video games and playing games on the phone can be a problem for children today if their parents do not make them go outside and play. My one grandson was so hooked on playing games on  video games that his parents had to make him play outside. However, he and his brother are on football teams for young children. In addition, he is ten now and he now goes out and play. It was a concern at first that he just wanted to lay around the house except when his father had him on a football team and later on his father had to make him do that. I think video games and games on phones are fine, but they should be limited to only from thirty minutes to a hour a day. I think the video games are good brain exercisers, but should be limited because overindulgence in video games can be dangerous. My granddaughters sometimes are overindulgent in playing on their phones, but they are on a volleyball team and have good grades basically. The second youngest granddaughter grades are at the head of the class. Children themselves do not seem to like regular toys, but my granddaughters do like outdoor play and that is good. However, their father restricts them on outside play because of the neighborhood they are in. They mainly see him on the weekends and I think their mother lets them play outside more than their father. If children play in the yard and with other things like trucks, ride their bicycles, and with other things or imaginative things this constitutes good creative and physical play this is good and what children really need. Children play has certainly dropped and it is causing obesity compared to when I was young. I think children now think when they are playing video games and games on the phone they are playing.

• Include your thoughts regarding the role of play throughout your life and/or the role of play throughout childhood and adulthood.I had toys to play with and most were bought at Christmas time.I use to pretend I was superman by trying to fly by jumping off the porch. I made food from mud. I played in the woods. My brother, my cousins, and I use to try to swing from a tarzan vine in the woods. My brothers, my sister, and I use to continually go out in the woods when we moved to another house until I was an adult even though my mother would say come out of those woods. I think play is good and I am concerned about myself since I became an adult because I was not good at sports and did not comprehend the quality of play. I have not been involved in it much play after I became an adult. I  have taken several PE classes, but I still constitute play is for children and exercise is something I do if I want to do it or have time. I know play is important even as an adult. However, the only play that I have attempted to do as an adult is when I dance. I am a praise dancer at church, Many times I dance on third Sundays. I dance with the children in the Earlyheadstart classroom and play with the children in these classrooms. One time when I danced to secular music at my son's wedding reception, somebody thought I was not acting as a Christian, but dancing is fun as long as you are not dancing to sexual music, violent music, and abusive music. I am called to be a pastor, but I think some denominations don't like Christians to have fun, but we need to have fun. In addition, as far as exercising I have gotten to dependent on my car and also I think it is demeaning at times to be seen walking. I need to get out of that mindset and walk to some places. All in all if we want to stay young at heart, and help our physical, spiritual, and mental health we need to play